COOKING METHODS OF SOLID SOAP

 1-SOAP PRODUCTION METHOD BY WET AND HOT SYSTEM

The production is made by adding the oils to be used(optimum ratio:laurel  oil between 25-35 % /olive oil between 65-75%) and water up to 20-25 % of oils. Sodium hydroxide (caustic) solution is prepared at certain percentages and its density is measured. Oils and water mixture is heated at constant temperature 80-90 % .Caustic solution of certain percentage is added very slowly and stirred continuously.Caustic  solution is slowly  added to it, nearly in 6-8 hours. After saponification is fully completed, the mixture is left  to rest. The soap is concentrated in the upper phase and the water is in the sub-phase. So all free fatty acids in soap which are water-soluble and free amount of caustic together with water is detached from the soap.At the same time ,as the soap is washed with water, it completely loses its property of irritacy. In this cooking method ,the soap is kept in drying section between 3 and 6 months. By thismeans  its duration of use increases.

ADVANTAGES:

• In this production system, temperature control can be  made as required and the reaction is realized at required constant temperature.
• Density and the concentration of caustic solution is measured and then added. So all caustic in the ambient reacts and  then saponificates.
• Saponification reaction in wet system is adjusted as oil acids and excess of caustic will not remain in the ambient.
• The soap cooked in wet system is produced according to TS54 standard (1.quality,bath bar soap ) and european standarts.
• In soaps cooked in wet system , as the excess of caustic is expulsed by water, it does not irriatte the skin
• The drying time of soaps being long, its duration of use is also longer.

 DISADVANTAGES:

• The production and drying time being long, this  creates a serious cost. The loss in moisture being high causes the decrease in weight and  the high in costs and consequently the decrease of competitive power in prices.

2-SOAP PRODUCTION METHOD BY DRY SYSTEM

Used oils are heaTed approximately up to 40-45% and  concentrated (in few water) sodium hydroxide (caustic)solution ,which is randomly prepared without using any measurement method,is very quickly added to oil and the saponification is realized.As the reaction can not be controlled as required ,the obtained soap come out to be in a very different quality and most of the time, excess of the caustic remains inside the soap.This also causes irritations during the usage.

Of soap production by this method;

ADVANTAGES:

• The soap,cooked in dry system is made and cut in a
• very short period of time and packaged without being dried

• As the duration of production and drying is short you do not wait long for usage. As it is not kept in drying , its moisture loss is minimal so it provides advantage on sale because of its weight. Its
  profit rate is also high.
• In this method  all kinds of domestic waste oil and other oils(cotton oil, promace oil, wells oil) can be used.

DISADVANTAGES:

• In this method ,all kinds of household waste oil and other oils(cotton oil,promace oil,wells oil)can be used. Oils used in mixture affect negatively the product quality and  a  product with very different proprties is obtained
• While the caustic solution is being prepared, its density is not measured. Also,caustic solution remains inside the soap as it is added very quickly and intensively during the soap production, this causes some
  negative effects for skin such as irritation, itching,redness and burning.
• As it is not possible to provide  temperature control in soap production and the caustic solution is added very quickly to it,saponification reaction is not completely occured. Therefore non-saponificated oil acids and caustic remain in soap. These have negative effects on the hardness of soap, on its economic life
  and also on its quality.
• The soap produced by dry system has a very short stay time. As oil acids remain in its content ,immediately after being used,it softens and becomes like slime.
• Soap cooked in dry system is not confirmed with  TS54 standards (1st quality bath bar soap)

NOTE: ANTIOCH’S VERDAA SOLID SOAPS ARE PRODUCED  BY HOT PROCESS AND WET SYSTEM